발간물
전체보고서
저자 Nguyen Khanh Doanh, Tran Nhuan Kien, Do Dinh Long, Bui Thi Minh Hang, and Nguyen Thi Thanh Huyen 발간번호 15-05 자료언어 English 발간일 2015.12.30
북베트남은 정치, 경제 및 국방의 측면에서 베트남의 주요한 지역 중 하나로, 다양한 소수민족이 거주하고 있다. 지정학적 중요성에도 불구하고 북베트남은 경제적으로 다른 지역에 비해 뒤쳐져 있으며, 경제성장의 혜택을 충분히 누리고 있지 못하다.
또한 베트남의 집단화와 탈집단화의 과정에서 개념뿐 아니라 현실적인 측면에서 성별 관계(gender relations)의 사회적인 규범에 대해 논쟁이 이루어졌다. 이러한 성별 관계의 변화는 소수민족 가정에도 커다란 영향을 끼쳤을 것으로 나타낸다. 따라서 본 연구는 농촌의 탈집단화와 경제통합이 소수민족 가정 내 성별 관계에 어떠한 영향을 미쳤는지에 대하여 분석하고자 한다. 베트남 농촌의 탈집단화와 경제통합이 북베트남 거주 소수민족의 가정 내 성별 관계에 어떠한 영향을 미쳤는지를 분석하고, 이론 프레임워크(theoretical framework)를 통해 가정 내 성별 관계 및 가정 내 여성의 의사결정에 영향을 미치는 요소를 살펴본다.
Ethnic minorities are concentrated in upland and mountainous areas in Vietnam where access to infrastructure, health, and educational facilities is limited. Being physically, economically, and culturally isolated from the rest of the nation, these groups are the most neglected and benefit the least from the development process of Vietnam brought about by the reform program. Among them, women were the poorest and most disadvantaged.
In the period of collectivization, the traditional norms on gender relations were challenged both in ideology and in practice. Women were mobilized to contribute to the war against America by stepping up production and handling family affairs, and show devotion to their responsibility for national defense. In the period of 1980s and onward, the intra-household gender relations were changed through a combination of traditional gender norms, residual legacies of socialism, and new socio-economic reform policies. The roles of social expectation on men’s and women’s “proper” sphere have been redefined and provide ideological grounds for a solution.
It is against the background delineated above that this study investigates the impact of rural de-collectivization and economic integration on intra-household gender relations in the Northern Uplands of Vietnam. This study examines relatively unexplored questions on gender and development in comparative regional studies: How have intra-household gender norms and relations in the cultures of ethnic minority groups been redefined in the period of rural de-collectivization and economic integration? To what extent can changes in intra-household gender relations among ethnic minority groups influence the development of household economies in the Northern Uplands of Vietnam? What are the determinants of household decision-making for ethnic minorities in the Northern Uplands of Vietnam?
In order to answer to research questions above, this paper first reviews the rural de-collectivization and economic integration in Vietnam and their effect on gender relations among ethnic minorities in Northern Vietnam. We also develop a theoretical framework to measure factors affecting the intra-household gender relations in ethnic minority groups in the Northern Mountainous Area of Vietnam.
Based on this theoretical framework, we estimate the important factors that affect women’s decision-making within households. The household survey of 480 households living in Thai Nguyen and Son La provinces is uniquely designed to measure the intra-household gender relations. The survey includes questions that measure household decision-making, such as making of decisions related to healthcare, household purchases, childcare etc., and other individual and household characteristics. The regression analysis tell us that women’s decision-making in the household is affected by factors such as women’s years of schooling, income contribution to the household, assets given when getting married, and whether there is a male family member working far from home.
These factors are also positively related to the economic integration and de-composition in Vietnam. The results of multiple regression analyses also indicate that husband’s years of schooling, gender of household head, the household’s current assets and the husband’s granted asset as major factors deterring women’s autonomy in Northern households.
With focus on gender relations within ethnic minorities in Northern Vietnam, there are several policy implications for both local authorities as well as the policy makers: (i) In order to increase ethnic women’s autonomy in decision-making in Northern Vietnam, it is necessary to organize professional training courses for ethnic minority women to enhance labor participation of women. (ii) Besides, local authorities should create favorable environments for ethnic minority women to actively participate in projects and/or programs which help to increase their income. (iii) Strengthening the cooperation between many organizations, individuals and communities to improve gender equality in remote areas, especially in areas where ethnic minorities live. (iv) Diversifying resource mobilization from the State, enterprises, communities, and donor countries to implement the plan, in which the local authorities will prioritize the allocation of state budgets for implementation of national targets on gender equality.
판매정보
분량/크기 | 190 |
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판매가격 | 7000 원 |
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