The purpose of this paper is two-fold: First, to examine a) ongoing East Asian integration in terms of intra-regional financial cooperation, b) the proliferation of intra-regional free trade agreements with extra-regional economies and cross-border foreign direct investment flows c) and structural changes in the Japanese and Korean economies in the past two decades and subsequent challenges faced by the two countries. Second, to suggest that Japan and Korea, as the two most mature and closest market economies in East Asia, should not wait to push mutually collaborative FDI until a formal FTA between them is effective. Despite historical legacies, the geographical proximity and the presence of high-tech manufacturing capacities in the two countries could be combined for immediate mutual benefits through engaging in increasingly emerging cross-border value chains. For this purpose, the active promotion of cross-border FDI flows between Japan and Korea is critical for both countries to overcome serious challenges. For the Japanese MNCs hollowing out Japan to respond to the “six difficulties” domestically, Korea could be reassessed as one of the most favored outbound destinations.

Executive Summary
I. Introduction

II. Rising Asia and East Asian Regionalism
1. Asia’s Exceptional Growth Based on Intra-Regional Demand Amid Global Downturn
2. Regional Financial Cooperation
3. Growing Web of East Asian FTAs

III. Structural Change of Japanese and Korean Economies After the Global Financial Crisis and the Great Earthquake
1. Two Lost Decades in Japan
2. Upper Middle-Income Syndrome in Korea

IV. Enhancing Bilateral Economic Cooperation Between Japan and Korea
1. Korea-Japan Cooperation Toward Open East Asian Regionalism
2. Promotion of Cross-border FDI and Opening of the Service Sector

V. Summary and Policy Implication

References

Appendix