Korea tries to play an active role in international development communities as a new member of the OECD Development Assistance Committee (DAC). Korea has taken steps to strengthen its position as a donor by increasing its aid volume and quality. In this context, Korea’s engagement with multilateral development organizations is expected to grow and Korea should take the opportunity to extend its global influence and develop strategic linkages between its bilateral and multilateral assistance. This study analyzed the global trend and major issues of multilateral aid to suggest Korea’s strategic direction and draw policy implications.

This paper firstly reviewed the trend of multilateral aid of DAC donors, the structure and main activities of key multilateral agencies such as UNs and multilateral development banks (MDBs). The global volume of multilateral aid as of 2008 reached at 35.5 billion dollars which takes 26% of total ODA flow. Korea provided 268 million dollars for the same period, standing at the second highest among the DAC members in terms of the share of multilateral aid in a country’s total ODA.

A review of the multilateral aid strategies of Denmark, Australia, and Switzerland was conducted. Denmark established its multilateral strategy in 1990s and has been systemically approaching with its efforts to cooperate with other donors to assess the effectiveness of multilateral aid and develop its own multilateral evaluation framework. Australia has similarity with Korea in terms of multilateral aid volume and its strong focus on MDBs. Australia has high portion of non-core contribution to actively engage with the Asia Pacific region and flexibly respond to regional challenges, meeting its economic and security interests. Switzerland has two main pillars of aid similar to Korea but effectively cooperates among various domestic actors to build common multilateral aid strategies.

The following chapter presented its analysis around the recent issues of fragmentation, balance between core and non-core contribution as well as multilateral organizations’ reform after the global economic crisis. It also reviewed multilateral effectiveness evaluation systems and surveyed growing trend of global funds. Lastly, it also examined the participation in aid procurement to identify Korea’s challenges and opportunities.

This paper concluded with recommendations for Korea’s multilateral aid strategy and policy actions. Korea needs to set up a comprehensive multilateral strategy with more focused and selective perspectives. Given the high level of aid going into MDBs, Korea needs to develop a systematic approach to fully utilize its multilateral assistance programs. As a recommendation, this study suggests the importance of establishing a long-term partnership agreement with core multilateral partners. It also carefully advises the expansion of non-core contribution as a transitional approach to the fully scaled-up multilateral aid while the strategy of multilateral aid should be aligned with that of bilateral aid. Finally, this study suggested that Korea should actively participate in joint multilateral aid monitoring and evaluation systems to feedback the relevant outcomes to improve the effectiveness of its multilateral aid.

국문요약 

제1장 서 론 

제2장 국제사회의 다자원조 현황 
1. DAC 회원국의 다자원조 현황 및 특징 
2. 다자기구의 주요 활동 
가. 유엔의 구성 및 지원 현황 
나. 다자개발은행의 주요 활동 

제3장 주요국의 다자원조 정책과 특징 
1. 덴마크 
가. 원조정책의 기본 방향 
나. 다자원조 추진 현황 
다. 주요 특징 및 시사점 
2. 호주 
가. 원조정책의 기본 방향 
나. 다자원조 추진 현황 
다. 주요 특징 및 시사점 
3. 스위스 
가. 원조정책의 기본 방향 
나. 다자원조 추진 현황 
다. 주요 특징 및 시사점 

제4장 다자원조 관련 주요 현안 분석 
1. 다자원조 논의 동향 
가. 다자기구의 국별프로그램원조 현황  
나. 다자기구를 활용한 양자원조: ‘지정기여’ 
다. 위기 이후 다자기구 개혁 
2. 다자원조의 효과성 평가 
가. 논의 배경 
나. MOPAN과 COMPAS
다. 시사점 
3. 글로벌 펀드의 확산 
가. 현황 및 특징 
나. 파리선언과 글로벌 펀드
다. 새로운 글로벌 펀드: ‘녹색기후기금’ 
4. 다자원조 조달시장의 활용 
가. 개발원조 조달시장 규모 
나. 주요국의 민간 지원 프로그램 
다. 우리나라 참여 현황 및 문제점 

제5장 우리나라 다자원조 추진 전략과 정책과제 
1. 우리나라 다자원조 현황과 평가 
가. 다자원조 추진 현황 
나. 국제기구별 지원 현황
다. 다자원조의 문제점 
2. 다자원조의 기본 방향과 추진 전략 
가. 다자원조 정책문서 작성 
나. 다자원조 추진체제 확립 
다. 양자원조와 보완성 강화 
3. 다자원조의 정책과제 
가. 다자원조 재원의 안정적인 확보 
나. 다자기구 모니터링 및 평가 체계 구축 
다. 국제기구 인력 파견 및 조달시장 참여 

제6장 요약 및 결론 

참고문헌 

부록