With the acknowledgement of the need to approach Africa’s agricultural sector through the lens of a comprehensive value chain approach, this research analyzes the challenges for each stage of the agricultural value chain in Africa and outlines policy recommendations based on Korea’s policy advancements and agricultural sector development since the 1950s when its initial conditions were similar to that of Africa.
   There are arguments to sharing the Korean experience due to its singularity but Korea has encountered and has overcome the same challenges facing Africa today relatively successfully, which makes its experience of value to be shared with Africa. In fact, there is much demand for analyses on Korea’s agricultural development experience as various African countries and leaders, as well as institutions like the AfDB and policy makers have expressed interests in learning from Korea’s agricultural policies. However, their interests go beyond general history as they seek more detailed information; the manner in which policies were implemented, the institutions that supported the policies, measures of financial support, the manner in which (horizontal and vertical) relationships were formed between the various stakeholders in the value chain including the government, agricultural cooperatives, farmers, agricultural processing companies, retailers and others.
   This research identifies and ranks policy areas that can be shared with Africa through interviews with various experts, discussions through an international workshop for agriculturalists and economists, and the use of the AHP model. Policy experiences that are most relevant to the African context are the establishment of a multipurpose agricultural cooperative with financial functions, the supply of agricultural inputs, and policies enhancing processing and quality management. On the other hand, policies on establishing wholesale markets and macro-agricultural policies were found to be insignificant. Though developing wholesale markets were quite significant in the Korean case, it is not so for Africa because of the limited volume of goods traded. Notwithstanding the fast growth of agro-markets in cities as a result of increasing purchasing power and rapid urbanization, most are still subsistent farmers with low levels of trade. The infrastructure is also yet inadequate to support wholesale trade.
   Among policy areas that are of relevance to Africa, the establishment of a multipurpose agricultural cooperative system is of great importance. Considering the structural problems of agricultural cooperatives in Africa, partial solutions such as improving the governance structure or increasing transparency cannot solve Africa’s development challenges. Korea’s multipurpose agricultural cooperative, Nonghyup, was created by the government and it executed projects on behalf of the government under their supervision. Many African countries sympathize with the need for such active government intervention to foster growth of the agricultural sector. Nonghyup, as the leading organization for agricultural development, led the growth of the agricultural sector and rural communities. Nonghyup grew in terms of both size and quality because it not only had functions of marketing and input supply, but because it also had banking capacities. Nonghyup created a virtuous cycle by providing Agricultural Value Chain Finance (AVCF) to input suppliers, farmers, processing companies, retailers and others. This experience corresponds to the demands of African countries that are changing paradigms and are looking for new systems of operating cooperatives, as they understand the need to combine financial functions for the full operation of cooperatives. 
   Increasing agricultural productivity is also of grave importance in Africa where urban areas are expanding and the population is growing at a fast speed. Because the use of fertilizers is key to increasing productivity, this research suggests the establishment of regional fertilizer production facilities to solve the fundamental problems regarding access to fertilizers. Africa is well positioned to produce fertilizers as it is home to a vast amount of raw materials required for fertilizer production. There are pessimistic views to this approach but action is already being taken to establish regional production sites in Africa. The success of developing key fertilizer production facilities depends on the degree of effort invested by stakeholders. For example, the African Development Bank (AfDB) could lead the formation of regional bases for fertilizer production by co-financing their construction and operation with international development financing agencies. The use of improved varieties through seed development is also important in increasing productivity. However, the rate of using improved seeds remains at 10% in Africa, with South Africa as an exception. Unlike the manufacturing sector where R&D can be substituted with technologies developed overseas, the agricultural sector requires the government to take a comprehensive role in facilitating R&D and distribution according to the local climates and environments. Korea succeeded in developing the Tongil rice variety in 1971 after years of research by breeders that were dispatched to the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) in 1964. Innovations in developing new seeds requires more than building research centers. It requires the formation of intangible infrastructures such as the political and social environment, and laws and regulations, which Korea was able to build through the Korea Seed and Variety Service.
   Regulations on agro-processing and quality control through the post-harvest batch processing system is also applicable to the African environment. The quality of agricultural products depends not only on the seed variety but also on how it is stored and processed. Such facilities and processes are lacking in Africa which hinders market access and utilization of the value chain. Taking such limitations into consideration, this research suggests building Rice Processing Complexes (RPCs) that provide integrated services of post-harvest storage to processing, led by the government or Nonghyup. In view of the challenges of post-harvest storage in Africa, Korea’s experience has many implications because Korea was able to provide high quality agricultural products through the construction of RPCs.
   The research also suggests the creation of small-scale rural by-job complexes that employ farmers and rural residents during the off-season in consideration of the low production levels in Africa, a policy that increased rural income in Korea. The Korean government suggested the use of idle labor during the off-season for side jobs at the complexes to increase rural income and resolve potential unemployment issues in 1968. It was part of a local community development project led by the Rural Development Administration (RDA) initially as a pilot project but was expanded to the national level due to its effects. The government provided financial support (loans) and tax exemptions in creating and operating the complexes and commissioned the RDA to purchase machinery, find markets, manage and provide technical guidance to the rural communities. The complexes, which were designated by the government, were managed and operated by at least 10 households who participated in the entire process from production to sales.
   Africa also needs to take a comprehensive approach in building institutions and strengthening the role of the government. Impediments to the development of Africa’s agricultural sector are extremely complex. It exists across-the-board, in the political, economic, social and cultural spheres, outside the boundaries of the agricultural sector. Various conditions impede agricultural development in Africa that leads to market failure. From a value chain perspective, the absence of a strong link between the supply of inputs, production, storage, packaging, logistics, and retail blocks access to markets for agricultural goods. Therefore, a comprehensive or integrated approach is needed to address these issues, which highlights the importance of the government’s role. Many African countries agree that the state needs to actively address the challenges of developing the agricultural sector because the sector poses greater risks and uncertainties compared to other industries that deters the private sector from taking the initiative. Hence, a government-led agricultural development policy is needed to set the foundations for agricultural development in Africa, although perhaps not to the same degree as that of the Korean government.
   The Saemaul Undong (also known as the New Village Movement) is likewise significant to the African environment. The methods and impacts of the Saemaul Undong are still highly debated in Korea, but considering Africa’s demand for development cooperation and Korea’s rural development situation in the 1960s, there is a need to reassess and utilize the Saemaul Undong in Africa. After discussions with high-level politicians, bureaucrats, policy makers, academia, research agencies, rural communities, the FAO and the AfDB at Senegal and Malawi, and through an international workshop on Africa’s agricultural challenges, the research found a common understanding that Africa’s problem lies not just in production but also in social change. They emphasized the need to create motivations for change as well the need for social capital such as diligence, collaboration and self-reliance. Africa’s agriculture needs more than financial and physical assistance. It needs to adopt the values of self-motivation and voluntary participation, the core principles of the Saemaul Undong. The Saemaul Undong is also in line with the methodologies of institutional capacity building, participatory development and empowerment that are emphasized by the World Bank, UN, OECD and other international agencies. Because it was born in the unique political, social and cultural conditions of Korea, it needs to be tailored to the conditions of each country. Moreover, considering the characteristics of Africa’s rural communities, the Saemaul Undong should be shared first on a tribal level and then be shared to adjacent communities once successfully operated. This is because the African community was built on tribalism, and thus, people trust community leaders through customary law more than legal or political authorities through the state system.
   Although the research suggests in detail, policies to facilitate the growth of Africa’s agricultural sector based on the Korean experience, further work is needed in the following areas. First, it was unable to systematically investigate the dynamic relationships within the value chain; value addition of agricultural goods is created through the close business network of various stakeholders within the value chain. Moreover, it was unable to empirically identify the cost structure of the value chain, although the ultimate purpose of a value chain analysis is to effectively link producers with the market. The research is rather limited to qualitative investigations on the prices and quality of goods, and customer preferences through field surveys to improve market access and find measures to better utilize the value chain.
   To pass on Korea’s policy experience effectively, establishing value chain utilization strategies that are fit to the respective conditions of the different countries through thorough investigation over a long period would be desirable rather than short term seminars or training sessions. Although there are certain programs that share Korea’s experience such as the Knowledge Sharing Program (KSP), studies on the agricultural value chain require understanding of the entire flow from production to retail on specific goods such as rice and corn to be able to suggest policies and alternatives. This entails the participation of agriculturalists, such as sending agricultural policy specialists to the Ministries of Agriculture in Africa for a long period of time to advise the utilization of value chains based on the Korean experience. 

서언

국문요약

제1장 서론
1. 연구의 배경 및 목적
2. 연구 방법 및 구성ㆍ범위
3. 연구 의의 및 한계

제2장 아프리카 농업개발 현황과 가치사슬 분석
1. 아프리카 농업개발과 경제발전
가. 아프리카 농업개발 현황 및 발전 잠재력
나. 아프리카 경제발전과 농업의 역할
2. 농업 가치사슬 개념 및 구조
가. 농업 가치사슬 개념 및 체계
나. 농업 가치사슬 거버넌스 유형
다. 농업 가치사슬 분석 의의
3. 아프리카 농업의 가치사슬 단계별 제약요인
가. 생산단계
나. 가공단계
다. 유통단계
라. 공통이슈(cross-cutting issues)

제3장 아프리카 농산물 가치사슬 사례분석: 쌀 산업
1. 쌀 분석배경: 아프리카 주식작물로 등장
가. 아프리카 쌀의 수요 및 공급 구조
나. 아프리카 국가들의 쌀 산업 육성정책
2. 쌀의 가치사슬 사례분석: 세네갈 포도르(Podor) 지역
가. 세네갈 포도르 지역 선정배경
나. 조사방법: 현지조사
다. 조사결과: 현황 및 문제점

제4장 농업 가치사슬 단계별 한국의 농정경험
1. 아프리카와 공유 가능한 한국의 농정경험
가. 한국농업의 발전 개관
나. 공유 가능한 한국의 농정경험
2. 생산단계
가. 비료정책
나. 농기계정책
3. 저장ㆍ가공 단계
가. 미곡종합처리장(RPC)
나. 농가공정책
4. 유통ㆍ판매 단계
가. 농산물 품질관리
나. 도매시장 정비: 공영도매시장 개설
5. 공통이슈(cross-cutting issues)
가. 농업금융
나. 농업협동조합

제5장 한국의 경험을 활용한 아프리카 농업 가치사슬 개선 정책제안
1. 분석결과 요약 및 정책제안 기본방향
가. 주요 분석내용 및 시사점 
나. 한국농업발전 경험공유 의의
2. 정책제안 우선분야 도출: AHP 방법론 적용
가. 계층화분석법(AHP)의 적용 의의
나. 계층화분석법의 원리와 방법
다. 계층화분석법(AHP) 설문 설계
라. 분석결과
3. 농업협동조합정책
가. 아프리카 농협의 현주소
나. 종합농협 모델 구축: 가치사슬 금융
4. 농기자재정책
가. 비료정책: 역내 생산체계 구축
나. 종자개발정책
다. 농기계정책
5. 가공 및 품질관리 정책
가. 수확 후 일괄처리시스템: 미곡종합처리장(RPC)
나. 농산물 가공 및 품질관리
6. 통합적 접근정책
가. 정부역할 강화 및 제도(institution) 구축
나. 새마을운동 경험공유

제6장 결론

참고문헌

Executive Summary