본 연구는 51개국 7개 서비스 산업의 무역장벽을 중력모형을 이용하여 추정한다. 서비스의 교역은 생산자와 소비자의 근접성을 요구하고 서비스가 국경을 통과할 때 직접 관찰될 수 없기 때문에 서비스에 대한 무역장벽은 관세의 형태가 아니라 각종 법적 제도적 규제의 형태를 띠고 있다. (생략)
Trade barriers in services do not take the form of import tariffs, but rather of a complex variety of quantitative restrictions, prohibitions and regulations. This paper attempts to measure tariff equivalents in 7 traded services for 51 countries by using a gravity model. It is shown that the gravity equation has great explanatory power not only in illustrating trade patterns in merchandise but also in services. Unlike previous studies, this paper shows that estimates of tariff equivalents are not systematically associated with a country's level of development. The EU countries have more open regimes relative to other industrialized countries.