Barriers to the Flow of Researchers Across APEC Sung Chul Chung, Myung Jin Lee The objectives of this study are to understand the pattern of researcher flows among APEC economies, to identify the barriers to the mobility of researchers, and to derive policy suggestions for the promotion of researcher exchanges across the region. For these purposes, two regional surveys have been undertaken under the joint sponsorship of Japan, Indonesia, and Korea. This study is based on the results of the surveys.

First, individual APEC economies were surveyed in order to obtain data on the inflows and outflows of scientists and engineers. The result shows that the largest recipient of researchers in the region is the United States, and the largest supplier China. It was also found that researchers flow from less developed to developed countries which are stronger in science and technology as well as in industries and offer high-quality advanced education.

Second, individual researchers of the region were also serveyed in order to identify barriers to the flow of scientists and engineers. The survey result tells us that researchers are most attracted by such factors as (1) degree or training programs, (2) quality of life, (3) recognition of the qualifications or experiences obtained in the countries other than the host country, (4) unique scientific and technological resources, (5) excellence of the institutions, (6) research environments, and (7) culture and language. The major barriers to researcher exchange identified by the survey are: (1) cost of living, (2) visa and entry regulations, (3) immigration regulations, (4) housing, and (5) medical services, among others.

Major recommendations are: (1) create an APEC Network of the Centers of Excellence as a medium for scientific interactions based on complementarity and mutuality; (2) develop a regional system of accreditation (academic and/or technical); (3) jointly develop regional visa arrangements to enhance the mobility of qualified scientists and engineers across the region; and (4) develop and implement individual action programs to stimulate and support the development of networks among researchers in the region.

서언
요약

I. 서론
1. 연구의 배경
2. 연구의 범위

II. 과학기술 환경 변화와 연구자 교류
1. 새로운 과학기술 환경의 특징
2. 연구자 교류와 지식의 흐름

III. 아태지역 연구자 교류
1. 연구 인력의 수요 및 공급
2. 연구자 교류 사례

IV. 연구자 교류 조사
1. 배경
2. 연구자 교류 조사 개요

V. 역내 연구자 교류 현황 : 1차 서베이 결과
1. 국별 연구자의 성별 구조
2. 외국인 연구자 비중
3. 역내 국가간 연구자 흐름

VI. 연구자 교류 유인 및 장애 요인: 2차 서베이 결과
1. 서베이 내용
2. 조사 결과
3. 교류 유인 및 저해 요인 : 조사 결과의 의미

VII. 결론 : APEC 역내 연구자 교류 활성화 방안