Korea has achieved rapid economic growth through export-oriented strategy. As a result, people place high value on exports but have a negative perception on imports. However, it is well known that promoting competition through imports also brings significantly positive economic effects.

We study the effects of market openness on competition structure of the market and how economic effects of the openness vary depending on the market structure and competitive structure. Based on these, we identify whether market openness itself roles as a competition policy, and we draw industry liberalization strategy by exploring in which market structures the effects of market openness are maximized.
For these purposes, we analyze the effects of the openness measured by imports and investments on market structure and market performance using six countries’ industry-level data since 2000. Also we study how differently the effects of the openness depends on market structure and competition structure by using computable general equilibrium (CGE) model allowing imperfect competition assumption.
According to the empirical results for the relationship between the openness and market concentration, foreign direct investment lowers the degree of market concentration, while import penetration’s effect is not statistically significant. This is because market concentration is measured as companies’ market shares, however, import does not increase the number of firms in the market. To explore the effects of trade liberalization on firms’ profit, the equation for profit performance indicators is estimated. The estimation results show that market concentration increases profit but imports lower profit. we cannot find a statistically significant effect of foreign direct investment on profit performance.
We analyze how the effects of openness depend on market structure by using a imperfect competition CGE model. If there is a severe product differentiation, the effect of openness measured as real GDP growth rates is relatively small. If the technology of an industry has economies of scale, the effect of openness is very large because of a decline in average cost of production. Especially in an oligopolistic market, the effects are from 2.5 to 6 times larger than other market structures because of the presence of excess profit.
Also we study the effect of openness in the case where the openness affects the degree of competition in an oligopolistic market. if the degree of competition increases by 10 percent due to trade liberalization, real GDP growth rate increases by 4.63 percent. As the degree of competition is intensified, real GDP growth rate increases.
Based on the results, three policy proposals were drawn. First, in the case of Korea, the competitive structure improvements by trade liberalization have been relatively minimal. Thus, more active policy efforts toward trade and investment liberalization are required in order to increase domestic consumers’ welfare and the degree of competition. Also industry-differentiated liberalization strategies should be made by taking competitive structure and characteristics such as technologies into the consideration. Because particularly in industries with an oligopolistic market structure, the effect of openness is expected to be greatest, the effort to open these industries should be considered. Opening by itself can serve as competition policy, but institutional complements is also required to promote and enhance competition through trade liberalization.

서언

국문요약

제1장 서론
1. 연구의 배경과 목적
2. 선행연구와의 차별성
3. 연구의 구성과 방법

제2장 개방화 및 경쟁구조 현황
1. 개방화의 현황
가. 개방화 현황 개관
나. 상품시장의 개방화 현황
2. 경쟁구조의 현황
가. 시장집중도를 통한 분석
나. 마크업 추정치를 통한 분석
3. 개방화와 경쟁구조의 관계
4. 소결

제3장 개방화가 경쟁구조에 미치는 영향
1. 개요
2. 기존 연구
가. 구조지표를 이용한 선행연구
나. 성과지표를 이용한 선행연구
3. 실증분석
가. 분석모형
나. 분석자료
4. 추정 결과
가. 구조지표 방정식 결과
나. 성과지표 방정식 결과
5. 소결

제4장 시장구조 및 경쟁구조에 따른 개방화 효과
1. 개요
2. 불완전경쟁 CGE 모형과 GTAP 자료
가. CGE 모형
나. GTAP 모형
다. 불완전경쟁 모형
라. GTAP 자료
3. 시장구조에 따른 개방화 효과
가. 시장구조 시나리오
나. 시장구조별 개방화 효과
4. 경쟁구조에 따른 개방화 효과
가. 경쟁구조 시나리오
나. 경쟁구조별 개방화 효과
5. 소결

제5장 결론
1. 요약
2. 정책적 시사점
가. 경쟁구조 개선을 위한 적극적 개방정책 수립
나. 산업별 차별화된 개방전략 도입
다. 개방으로 인한 경쟁을 촉진하기 위한 제도 정립

참고문헌

부 록

Executive Summary