Given different legal regimes which govern the global and regional trading systems, the WTO as such cannot stop the proliferation of RTAs. Nevertheless, the WTO can oversee them through its political and judicial review procedures. Notably, Article XXIV of the GATT, Article V of the GATS and the Enabling Clause contain certain procedural requirements for notification and multilateral review of RTAs concluded by WTO members (political track). In addition, RTAs may be challenged in WTO dispute settlement procedures (judicial track). This paper examines legal provisions and practice of the WTO review mechanisms, explores possible remedies for WTO-inconsistent RTAs, analyzes the transparency mechanism for RTAs, and in particular specific issues of linkage with the WTO judicial review procedures and the possibility of extending the scope of the transparency mechanism to the post-formation period of notified RTAs.

I. Introduction

II. Legal Foundations for RTAs under the WTO System
1. WTO-RTA Relationship
2. WTO’s Legal Framework for RTAs

III. Review of RTAs in WTO: A Two-Track Approach
1. Political Track
2. Judicial Track

IV. Some Reflections on Further Clarification and Improvement
1. Linkage between Factual Presentations and Dispute Settlement
2. Linkage between Notification and Dispute Settlement
3. Post-Formation Monitoring System?

V. Conclusion

References