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Technology Trade of Japan
It is often said that many Asian countries have followed the Japanese model of industrial and technology policy. Among these Asian countries, Korea has been regarded as the most faithful follower of the Japanese model. This paper ..
Jin Soo Yoo Date 1993.02.01
Technical cooperationDownloadContentSummaryIt is often said that many Asian countries have followed the Japanese model of industrial and technology policy. Among these Asian countries, Korea has been regarded as the most faithful follower of the Japanese model.
This paper reviews Japan technology trade, focusing on the import and export of technology, a degree of dependence on advanced nations' technology, the balance of technology trade and their major channels and agents. It observes historical overview and main features of technology trade between Korea-Japan. The paper discusses the challenges ahead for Korea and makes some suggestions for Korea and other Asian developing countries. -
Reform of Chian's State Enteprises: Evaluation and Prospects
A process of reform of China's economic system has differed from those of other socialist states. The systemic conversion of the former-Soviet Union or East Europe countries aimed at the privatization of enterprises and changing t..
Si-Joong Kim Date 1993.02.01
Economic reformDownloadContentSummaryA process of reform of China's economic system has differed from those of other socialist states. The systemic conversion of the former-Soviet Union or East Europe countries aimed at the privatization of enterprises and changing the pricing system and resource distribution, raising debates over scope and speed.
China aimed at establishing its distinctive and planned socialism and combining the planned socialism with the market economy, allowing private ownership on the basis of public ownership of the means of production, with distribution according to property on the basis of labor.
Thus, a process of Chinese concrete reform is on the premise that fundamental factor of socialism should be preserved.
This report identifies the characteristic and development of reform of China's state enterprises by evaluating its reform and by suggesting perspectives for that reform. -
Two years since German Unification
The Korea Institute for International Economic Policy (KIEP) co-hosted the international seminar with the Friedrich Ebert Stiftung (FES) on 'Two Year Since the German Unification: Economic Evaluation and Implications for Korea', o..
Jin Young Bae Date 1993.02.01
DownloadContentSummaryThe Korea Institute for International Economic Policy (KIEP) co-hosted the international seminar with the Friedrich Ebert Stiftung (FES) on 'Two Year Since the German Unification: Economic Evaluation and Implications for Korea', on October 1-2, 1992.
German unification has provided Korea with a number of important implications. Studies on Germany's unification are of greater importance. German unification suggests the possibility of a united Korea. However, the two-year experience of unified Germany also suggests that the unification process can be accompanied by severe suffering and anguish, more than ever expected. The aftermath of Germany's unification demonstrates a difficulty associated with the combining of two different nations with different political, economic and social system.Consequently, from the lessons learned from the German experience, it has now become apparent that South Korea should immediately expend its efforts to gather the wisdom and energy of its people. -
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Economic Effects of Import Source Diversification Policy (ISDP)
Import source diversification policy(ISDP) presupposes that foreign trade deficit vis-a-vis one nation is undesirable and its purpose lies in maintaining the balance of trade with each country. The background for this policy can b..
In-Soo Kang Date 1993.01.01
Trade policy, Free tradeDownloadContentContents
I. FORWARD
1. Issues
2. Outline of import source diversification policy
(1) Purpose of ISDP and designation of products to be covered
(2) Actual status
3. Japan's response
II. AN ANALYSIS OF ISDP'S OVERALL EFFECTS
1. Expected effects of ISDP
(1) Positive effects
(2) Negative effects
2. Analysis of actual evidence
(1) Import source diversification effects
(2) Competitiveness enhancing effects
III. ANALYSIS OF THE DYNAMIC EFFECTS OF ISDP
1. Regression analysis and correlation coefficient analysis
(1) Import source diversification effects and competitiveness enhancing effects
(2) Correlation coefficient analysis
2. Effects of ISDP designation
3. Effects of liberalization (exclusion from ISDP)
4. Evaluation and implications
IV. A COMPREHENSIVE EVALUATION AND PROGRAM FOR IMPROVEMENT
1. Comprehensive evaluation
(1) Overall effects and problems
(2) Policy implications
2. Problems and improvement measures associated with the execution of ISDP
(1) Problems with the execution of ISDP
(2) Plans for improving ISDP
3. Tentative plan for prior announcement of ISDP
〈Reference〉
Appendix
SummaryImport source diversification policy(ISDP) presupposes that foreign trade deficit vis-a-vis one nation is undesirable and its purpose lies in maintaining the balance of trade with each country. The background for this policy can be found in a search for ways to cushion the impact stemming from import liberalization, which began in 1978 and furthermore, to protect and foment domestic industry.
In the meanwhile import source diversification policy(ISDP) has had some merits in terms of controlling the trade deficit vis-a-vis Japan and fomenting domestic capital goods industry.
But on the other hand, there have been criticism about the negative side-effects of ISDP. First of all, for the most part, no consistent principles have been established on the types of products which are to be included or excluded from the policy. Thus, some suspect whether ISDP has only succeeded in protecting industry interests while creating many inefficiencies by restricting competition. In particular, since the end of 1980s when the export competitiveness of Korean products has dropped sharply, many people question the efficiency of ISDP.
Further, with respect to the outside world, ISDP violates GATT Principles. As such, ISDP not only produces a negative image concerning Korea's desire for free trade but is also likely to lead to demands for revision. And, in the context of Korea-Japan trade negotiations, Japan can be expected to use Korea's ISDP as a pretext to defend its protectionist policies and practices. Therefore, Korea must formalize its response to such actions by Japan.
In this connection, this study proposes to set forth plans for enhancing ISDP in the future on the basis of a critique of the economic efficiency of the said policy. Specifically, the focus of this study will center on the following questions.
First, what is the actual contribution of ISDP to the import source diversification of designated products and protection of domestic industry?
Second, with respect to major ISDP-designated products, what is their degree of import dependence on Japan and competitiveness status and, problems which can be expected to arise in the event of ISDP's cancellation?
Third, what are clear criteria for inclusion and exclusion within ISDP in order to enhance ISDP?
To answer the above questions, this paper has been structured as follows. The remainder of Part I deals with the purpose and actual status of ISDP, along with Japan's response to it. Part Ⅱ reviews and compares the conversion of import sources and import substitution effects for all products covered by ISDP. Furthermore, for the period 1988 - 1990, changes in import unit prices and export unit prices are examined. PartⅢ, which concentrates on 105 items for which consistent data are available, analyzes the dynamic changes in import and export during ISDP designation and cancellation. In particular, on the basis of the cancellation experience of some items, policy principles of ISDP designation and cancellation are derived. Part Ⅳ summarizes the principal results and offers directions for improvements in the enforcement of the policy in the future.
Finally, with regard to the actual evidece presented in the study, I must point out that the difficulties involved in obtaining consistent data created serious limitations. First of all, the classification of trade data was converted from CCCN(Customs Cooperation Council Nomenclature) to HS(Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System) in 1988. Also, as the reader might know, the method of classification differs for trade statistics and industry statistics (KSIC: Korean Standard Industrial Classification), limiting the feasibility of a systematic analysis of production and trade effects. Therefore, a direct investigation of the effects of ISDP not only on the relevant products but the entire economy left much to be desired. The issue of general efficiency of ISDP remains a research topic for future.
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Characteristics and Economic Impacts of Korea's Trade Liberalization
This review of Korean trade and industrial policies shows how trade policy, which began by effectively utilizing international competition, evolved into an industrial policy that encouraged close cooperation between the government..
Hongyul Han Date 1993.01.01
Economic openingDownloadContentSummaryThis review of Korean trade and industrial policies shows how trade policy, which began by effectively utilizing international competition, evolved into an industrial policy that encouraged close cooperation between the government and the private sector.
The major findings of this paper are as follows. First, Korea began fundamentally reorienting its economic liberalization policies in the early 1980s. Through a variety of internal and external reforms, it attempted to link trade policy with industrial policy, reflecting the timing and speed of liberalization by industry. Second, another significant aspect of the market liberalization program was import liberalization, widening the gap between industries in the middle of the 1980s. Even though they were liberalized in terms of trade law, tariff levels for manufactured goods fell substantially during this period. In theory, it was seen to narrow economic inefficiency. -
Korea's Recent Foreign Exchange Rate Systems: MCBP vs. MAR System of GATT and Major Countries, and Direction for Improvement in the Korean Anti-Dumping System
Since Korea joined GATT in 1967, it successfully pursued strong export-oriented economic policies until the late 1970's. During this period, Korea maintained an unprecedentedly high economic growth rate under high tariffs and vari..
Wook Chae Date 1993.01.01
Anti-dumping systemDownloadContentSummarySince Korea joined GATT in 1967, it successfully pursued strong export-oriented economic policies until the late 1970's. During this period, Korea maintained an unprecedentedly high economic growth rate under high tariffs and various non-tariff protective measures allowed to it because of its status as a developing country suffering from a large trade deficit.
The ultimate goal of the anti-dumping system is to correct unfair foreign trade practices and relieve the domestic industry's injury in cases where material injury or a threat of material injury is posed by foreign dumping practices. It is, however, noteworthy that the system is strictly restrained in its use under provisions approved by GATT, and, hence, the misuse of the system will certainly result in disputes with trading partners. In this regard, it is extremely important for all the countries to guarantee four basic requirements of the system-transparency, fairness, efficiency, and specialty-in enforcing the national anti-dumping practices.
This paper reviews the whole history of Korea's anti-dumping system and practices and suggests some lessons on Anti-dumping Regulations of GATT and Advanced Countries. -
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Current Economic Situation of the Russian Far East and Russia-Japan Economic Relations
Ho-Sang Lim Date 1992.12.30
Overseas direct investment -
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