The Korean government recognizes the imperative to improve the structure of the foreign exchange market to align with global standards, aiming for increased openness and competitiveness. The plan involves a twofold approach. One is a comprehensive reform of foreign exchange laws and regulations, notably the Foreign Exchange Transaction Act enacted in 1999, to adapt to evolving economic environments.

Korea stands out as a global ICT industry leader, represented by a high broadband internet penetration rate and substantial investments in ICT hardware/software and industrial robots. Despite impressive technological advances, the adoption of new technologies by Korean firms lags behind, particularly in smaller enterprises, posing a challenge to inclusive and equitable digital transformation. Initiatives are underway to bridge this divide, with a focus on supporting digital transformation in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) across various industries.

While energy accessibility in East Africa is still low, global agenda on energy transition brings African countries moving towards increasing green energy supply such as solar and wind power. East African countries are cooperating in the energy sector to improve energy access and power generation through EAC Vision 2050 and EAPP.

Korea stands out as a global ICT industry leader, represented by a high broadband internet penetration rate and substantial investments in ICT hardware/software and industrial robots. Despite impressive technological advances, the adoption of new technologies by Korean firms lags behind, particularly in smaller enterprises, posing a challenge to inclusive and equitable digital transformation.

This study starts by highlighting how geopolitical factors, such as the US-China conflict and the Russia-Ukraine war, are reshaping global supply chains. The US-China conflict, marked by tariff wars and policy shifts, particularly affects key sectors like semiconductors and batteries. These conflicts reveal vulnerabilities in supply chains concentrated in specific countries and have been exacerbated by external factors like the COVID-19 pandemic