This study is a research project that aims to more objectively and comprehensively understand Russia's new foreign policy direction, the Global South Strategy, after the outbreak of the Ukrainian War in February 2022. In particular, the main purpose of the study was to examine the structural changes and reorganization processes of the world order after the outbreak of the war, and to analyze the new foreign strategic direction of the Russian government in the midst of structural changes in the foreign strategic environment.

Chapter 2 examines the Russo-Ukrainian War and the rise of the Global South. The Russo-Ukrainian War has had a significant impact on the changes in the international order in terms of political diplomacy (deepening the process of fragmentation of international relations), security (creating a military confrontational structure between the West and Russia), and economic (damaging economic ties between Russia and the West). Meanwhile, the Global South is rising in the process of transforming international relations, symbolized by fragmentation. This is because, as the presence of the Global South (continuous economic growth and strengthening of political autonomy) has been highlighted since the war, its strategic value and importance in recent global international relations have increased even more. Ultimately, the Russo-Ukrainian War is creating a new phenomenon in international relations: the division of the world, changes in the international order, and the rise of the Global South.

Chapter 3 analyzes Russia’s Global South strategy concept, perception of the situation, goals, and tasks. Russia has recently preferred the term “World Majority” instead of the term “Global South.” According to Russia’s perception of the situation, the multipolarization of the world order, the growing interest in a new economic cooperation system, the emergence of comprehensive security threats and the risk of conflict between great powers, and the West’s all-out pressure on Russia are emphasized. The goals and tasks of Russia’s Global South strategy can be summarized in four points: promoting multipolarization of the world order through cooperation with Global South countries, intervention in the security of Global South countries, expanding economic cooperation with Global South countries, and spreading friendly perceptions of Russia in Global South countries.

Chapter 4 examines Russia’s Global South strategy in a multilateral context. In particular, it examines the launch and development process of BRICS, as well as Russia’s policy direction and economic relations toward BRICS. The recent expansion of BRICS has become a significant turning point and starting point in the history of BRICS, and a milestone in which BRICS has come to occupy the most important position in Russia’s “world majority” plan encompassing the global South.

Chapter 5 analyzes Russia’s Global South strategy in a regional context. In particular, it examines the nature and characteristics of the development of Russia’s relations with the Middle East, Africa, and Latin America, given that Russia has strengthened its diplomatic activities in the Middle East, Africa, and Latin America since the war in order to gather friendly forces to establish a multipolar order.

Chapter 6 presents policy implications for the research content and suggests policies that take into account the new external environment. First, policy implications are presented for each chapter: Chapter 2 (The Rise of the Global South and Pragmatic Balanced Diplomacy), Chapter 3 (Russia’s New Foreign Strategy and Seeking Changes in the World Order), Chapter 4 (The Means of BRICS Expansion and Potential Factors for Development), and Chapter 5 (Russia’s Means of Promoting Global Regional Strategy and Challenges). In addition, policy suggestions include strengthening and expanding middle-power diplomacy, establishing strategic cooperation plans for the Global South, establishing new perspectives and strategies for developing and fostering multilateral agendas at the global level, and establishing strategic management plans for Russia.