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Policy Reference
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APEC and SMEs
Korea has actively joined APEC small and medium-sized enterprise (SME) cooperation on the recommendation of the Seattle summit in 1993. Of the APEC SME cooperation, Korea completed two joint projects for financial enterprises.The ..
Hyungdo Ahn Date 1996.12.18
Economic cooperationDownloadContentSummaryKorea has actively joined APEC small and medium-sized enterprise (SME) cooperation on the recommendation of the Seattle summit in 1993. Of the APEC SME cooperation, Korea completed two joint projects for financial enterprises.
The first project was the Venture Capital Workshop held in Seoul in September 1995. This workshop facilitated an exchange of views and experiences with the goal of removing common obstacles that are being faced by Asia-Pacific SMEs, focusing on venture capital and discussions on the internationalization of the venture capital industry.
The second project is a study on the effectiveness of the financial market for SMEs. The object of the study is to analyze how the ineffectiveness of APEC financial markets influences SME ability to raise financial resources.
This study is expected to discuss common financial problem experienced by APEC SMEs. -
Foreign Investment in the Russian Oil & Gas Sector and its Implications
Seung-Weon Suh Date 1996.12.16
Economic development -
Economic Effects of Foreign Direct Investment in Korea
June-Dong Kim Date 1996.12.13
Foreign direct investment -
International Framework on Investment Protection: The BIT and MAI
Kwan-Ho Kim Date 1996.12.12
Economic cooperation -
1997 World Economic Outlook and Korea's International Economic Policies
Co-authors Date 1996.12.11
Economic development, Economic outlook -
A Study on Cross-Border Mergers and Acquistions
Cross-border mergers and acquisitions (M&As), or the merger and acquisition of local companies by multinational companies as an overseas expansion strategy, have recently attracted attention.Cross-border M&As, a form of in..
Yunjong Wang Date 1996.12.11
DownloadContentSummaryCross-border mergers and acquisitions (M&As), or the merger and acquisition of local companies by multinational companies as an overseas expansion strategy, have recently attracted attention.
Cross-border M&As, a form of industrial merger, is a dual concept of acquisitions where foreign companies take over the right of management at a local company and mergers of two companies in two different countries.
Behind such cross-border M&As is the increase in direct investment for international trade and industrial mergers.
Following the lead of the United States and Britain, the boom of cross-border M&As escalated in the 1980s due to the increase in corporate takeover bids through the stock market, the viability of M&As as a revenue source and leveraged buyouts. Moreover, this trend is likely to spread to the European Continent, which has taken a conservative position to M&As in accordance with East Europe liberalization and economic integration. -
Competition Policy and Transfer Pricing of Multi-national Enterprise
In a world where foreign direct investment plays an important role in resource allocations, multinational enterprises have been drawing much attention and raising two general issues regading their role. First. multinational firms ..
Young-Soo Woo Date 1996.12.01
Competition policy, Free tradeDownloadContentⅠ. Introduction
Ⅱ. Economic Analysis of Transfer Pricing of MNEs
Ⅲ. The Need to Control Transfer Pricing of Capital
Ⅳ. Policy Implications
References
SummaryIn a world where foreign direct investment plays an important role in resource allocations, multinational enterprises have been drawing much attention and raising two general issues regading their role. First. multinational firms make great contributions to enhancing economic efficiency, by expanding and replacing their economic activities all over the world based on the simple economic principle of efficiency, In a world of truly free trade and investment, the only guiding light for firms is the search to uncover latent profit. Multinational enterprises are the soldiers seeking that goal thereby contributing to the world of economic efficiency by enlarging the pie-size for the world community. Secondly, the economic activities of multinational enterprises create the political economic problem of what rules can be used for cutting and assigning the slices of pie to the parties involved. In some sense, this matter can be described as an economic noncooperative game between national sovereignties and multinational firms.
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Cultural Differences in the Crusade Against International Bribery
This article examines why the current efforts need to be expanded and why a forceful international proclamation against bribery should be eventually adopted. It will offer suggestions as to how this might be achieved, particularly..
Jong Bum Kim et al. Date 1996.12.01
Economic reformDownloadContentⅠ. Introduction
Ⅱ. International Movements to Fight Corruption
A. Recent Undertakings by the OAS, OECD and EU
B. The Need for Greater International Anti-Bribery Efforts
Ⅲ. Cultural Differences and the Example of Rice-cake Expenses in Korea
A. Origins of "Ttokkap" (Rice-cake expenses)
B. Bribery under Korean Law
C. The Social Courtesy Exception
D. Ttokkap and Current Legal Trends
Ⅳ. The Foreign Corrupt Prctices Act.
A. History of FCPA
B. Anti-Bribery Provisions
C. Affirmative Defenses and Permissible Payments
Ⅴ. Conclusion: Incorporating Cultural Differences into an International Anti-Bribery Agreement
SummaryThis article examines why the current efforts need to be expanded and why a forceful international proclamation against bribery should be eventually adopted. It will offer suggestions as to how this might be achieved, particularly in view of the concerns toward respecting cultural differences. Considered by some a model to follow, the FCPA still raises many concerns. This article suggests, however, that certain aspects of the FCPA, if incorporated, may allay concerns expressed by certain countries, thereby facilitating the eventual establishment of a multilateral consensus. -
The Policies of China, Russia, United States and Japan Towards North Korea
The Korean peninsula is surrounded by four powerful countries that have distinctive features. First, China, with a population of 120 million, is moving toward becoming a great economic power by introducing a market economy system ..
Chang Jae Lee Date 1996.11.29
North Korean economyDownloadContentSummaryThe Korean peninsula is surrounded by four powerful countries that have distinctive features. First, China, with a population of 120 million, is moving toward becoming a great economic power by introducing a market economy system without giving up its socialism. Second is Russia, a state that had a suzerain style of communism but is attempting to convert to democracy and a market economy. Third is Japan, which is rising to become a world power, based on its competitiveness and having the world's strongest capital and technology. Forth is the United States, which became a hegemony superpower after the breakdown of the Soviet Union.
This paper pursues the idea that it is natural for the four countries to pursue differing policy toward North Korea and the Korean peninsula. However, at the same time, Korea can find considerable common points in the policies of China, Russia, United States and Japan towards North Korea.
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