As climate change has established itself as one of the biggest global threats, the role of green finance, which financially supports green projects and leads financial markets to provide environmental incentives, is being emphasized. China recognizes the fact that green finance is necessary to develop green industries for the realization of carbon neutrality.

The importance of new and renewable en-ergy has been drawing attention since the Paris Climate Agreement was adopted in 2015. In response to the Paris Climate Agreement, the Korean government declared carbon neutrality by 2050 and announced policy plans to create a low-carbon ecosystem in 2020. However, the domestic new and re-newable energy market is limited, making it difficult to mass-produce power generation devices.

There has been a significant decline in the global labor share, leading to numerous studies about the cause of this drop. The labor share is used as one of the main indicators of inequality because a decrease in the labor share can lead to aggravation of income inequality. This is because low-skilled workers can be greatly affected by such a decline in the labor share and the main source of in-come for the low-income class, including the self-employed, is labor income.

Why is ‘trade and women’ issue important? We could approach this question from the perspective of whether human capital is genderless. Does the input of human capital named ‘male’ and ‘female’ generate the same results in trade and output? Female human capital accumulation has externality, contributing to the sustainable and inclusive growth measures. International community’s approach to the issue is in line with these considerations.

Globalization, which flourished under the auspice of a stable international order in the 20th century, is currently retreating. Britain's withdrawal from the European Union (EU), strategic competition between the US and China, reshuffling of global supply chains due to the COVID-19 pandemic, and the devastating war between Russia and Ukraine are all indicating the shift toward deglobalization.

According to Korea’s Ministry of Knowledge Economy (currently the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy), foreign investment has now become one of the major economic pillars driving the Korean economy over the past 15 years (Tang 2022). The Korean economy started to open up to rest of the world following the Asian financial crisis in 1997 and was the biggest FDI policy reformer among 40 developed and emerging economies over the period from 1997 to 2010 (Nicolas et al. 2013).

The world economy is in a shaky state following the Russia-Ukraine crisis, which broke out just as the world was adapting to the COVID-19 pandemic. The world economy is anticipated to expand by 3.1% this year and 2.4% in 2023, according to the KIEP 2023 World Economic Outlook published in November.