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The transition toward a sustainable bioeconomy offers a pivotal opportunity for Mexico to mitigate environmental impacts and drive economic growth through the valorization of agro-industrial waste. This review highlights the challenges and opportunities of establishing a waste-based bioeconomy in Mexico, emphasizing the role of advanced technologies and infrastructure in transforming agricultural waste into valuable bioproducts like biofuels, bioplastics, and biochemicals. The paper underscores the necessity for robust policy frameworks and collaborative efforts to address technological, infrastructural, and regulatory barriers. It provides a comparative analysis of circular business models and waste valorization strategies successfully implemented in countries such as Brazil, Chile, and the Mediterranean region, drawing practical insights applicable to Mexico. This review uniquely combines technological, policy, and business model innovations to offer a comprehensive approach to the sustainable development of Mexico`s bioeconomy. By navigating these complexities, Mexico can unlock significant economic, environmental, and social benefits, contributing to a more sustainable and prosperous future.