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Korea’s Development Cooperation for Vocational Education and Training in Uzbekistan economic development, economic cooperation

Author KIM Cae-One, RHEE Ho Saeng, and CHOI Young Real Series 17-02 Language Korean Date 2017.12.27

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  Korea has been providing development aids to support vocational education and training (VET) in Uzbekistan. This report aims to derive Korea’s policy alternatives for effective development cooperation in Uzbekistan’s VET by carrying out the following analyses. The development needs of Uzbekistan’s VET are identified, and lessons are drawn from donor communities’ VET cooperation practices. Korea’s VET cooperation efforts in Uzbekistan are also examined and evaluated. Korea’s new cooperation strategy and projects for Uzbekistan’s VET are proposed for more effective development cooperation outcomes.
  In Uzbekistan, under the government-led development policy with most of investment made in the public sector, the private sector has not played an active role in economic growth. Employment opportunities have not been created enough to provide jobs for the increasing and young labor force. To cope with this problem, the Uzbek government introduced a series of policies aimed at expanding the private sector and diversifying the industrial structure. In 2017, the new Mirziyoyev government announced the five priority policy directions to be implemented over the next five years. Economic development and liberalization is one of the priority directions, where industrial diversification, financial and agricultural reforms etc, were proposed. The improvement of education system was included in the priority direction for improvement of social services. The prerequisite for successful implementation of the industrial development policy is to increase investment in potentially competitive industries, develop industrial technologies, and cultivate high-quality technical personnel required for industrialization. However, no specific plans or strategies have been laid out by the Uzbek government to foster strategic industries and cultivate technical manpower.
  Vocational high schools have played a major role in providing compulsory vocational education in Uzbekistan, which means that access to vocational education is very high. However, the quality of vocational education is inadequate, which results from problems in facilities and equipments, curriculum, training of trainers etc. On the other hand, as the industrial structure and labor demands change, vocational training will need to be provided for new occupations and technical fields, unemployed and transferring workers, returning migrant workers etc.
  The development needs for VET in Uzbekistan can be summarized as follows. First, the mid/long-term manpower development plan should be prepared for strategic industries. Second, the mid/long-term road map for improvement of the VET system needs to be introduced. Third, the linkage between the VET system and the labor market has to be strengthened to meet new labor demands. Fourth, institutions and regulations need to be established to expand VET opportunities for adults. Fifth, credibility and acceptability of VET qualifications and institutions have to be improved. Sixth, the VET quality evaluation system needs to be strengthened. Lastly, information gathering and diffusion has to be improved in education including VET.
  About 12.5% ​​of development aids for Uzbekistan was spent on education, approximately 20% of which was provided for VET. Several implications can be drawn from the practices of major donor institutions in VET. First, as the industrial structure of Uzbekistan changes, demands for vocational training for adults will be greatly expanded. Second, Korea can improve the sustainability of VET projects by putting more aid resources on VET programs rather than VET hardwares. Third, the introduction of strategic guidelines on VET will be helpful for the effective and systematic implementation of VET projects. Fourth, cooperation with other donor institutions should be pursued to enhance the effectiveness of Korea’s VET projects.
  Korea’s ODA for Uzbekistan has been steadily increasing, and 12 aid projects have been implemented in education since 1991. While the EDCF has provided concessional loans for vocational and general education, the KOICA has carried out grant projects on vocational training, secondary and higher education. It has been pointed out that Korea’s VET cooperation projects were limited to providing supports on VET hardwares such as facilities and equipments. It is noteworthy that the KOICA recently launched its first consulting project on the vocational training system of Uzbekistan, which will contribute to the effectiveness of Korea’s VET supports. In addition, Korea can increase its VET aid effectiveness of Uzbekistan by concentrating its supports on expanding vocational training and establishing the qualification system in cooperation with other development partners including the private sector. 
  Korea’s new strategy directions for VET development cooperation in Uzbekistan are proposed as follows. First, Uzbekistan will have increasing demands for adult VET which can not be met by the current VET infrastructure and capacity. Therefore, Korea’s supports need to fill the gap in Uzbekistan’s vocational training capacity. Second, in order to increase the accountability of Korea’s VET projects in Uzbekistan, the result-oriented monitoring and management system have to be strengthened. Third, Koreas needs to help Uzbekistan establish the more effective VET system by providing legal and institutional consultation. Fourth, a list of promising VET aid projects with concrete implementation mechanisms can contribute to the effectiveness of Korea’s new VET cooperation strategy for Uzbekistan. 

 

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