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World Economy Brief
Digital Content Exports and Copyright Protection through FTA
- Author Hyunsoo KIM
- Series25-20
- Date2025-06-28
Korea has continuously made efforts to secure overseas markets and enhance industrial competitiveness. The government is actively pursuing trade agreements with around 10 more countries, including those in Africa where FTAs have yet to be established, thereby continuing its FTA policy. The growing market for digital content and trade volume are accompanied by the international spread of IPR protection for digital content, and that one of the main channels driving this spread is FTAs. Strong IPR provisions for digital content in FTAs are no longer limited to agreements among high-income countries. FTAs with middle- and lower-income countries are also increasingly including more robust IPR protection measures. Moreover, the strengthening of IPR protection through FTAs has a positive effect on digital content trade. Given the rapid expansion of Korea’s digital content market and trade, such trade policy tools—including FTAs—can play a valuable role in sustaining this upward trend. Countries with which Korea is currently pursuing Economic Partnership Agreements(EPAs) can be broadly categorized into three groups based on the level of intellectual property rights (IPR) protection in their existing FTAs and their current domestic IPR legal frameworks. The first group includes countries such as the Dominican Republic and Morocco, which have already concluded FTAs containing relatively high-level IPR protection provisions and whose domestic legal systems also provide comparatively strong protection for IPR. The second group includes countries like Thailand, which have signed FTAs that broadly cover various aspects of IPR protection, but whose domestic legal frameworks remain insufficient for effectively protecting digital content copyright. The third group consists of countries such as Pakistan, Egypt, and Kenya, which have not previously concluded FTAs that contain substantial IPR protection provisions and whose domestic legal systems are currently inadequate for the practical enforcement of digital content copyright. This classification allows Korea to calibrate the direction of its FTA policies with each partner and assess the appropriate level of IPR protection that should be pursued in the EPA negotiations. Promoting digital content copyright protection—regardless of the partner country’s classification—has a positive effect on the trade of digital content-related services. Therefore, it would be desirable to include high-standard IPR protection provisions in EPAs. However, as noted above, it would be more realistic to adopt differentiated approaches that take into account each EPA partner’s policy direction in existing FTAs and their current level of IPR protection.
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