Korea’s Official Development Assistance (ODA) has recently experienced rapid growth, surpassing 6 trillion KRW in 2025. However, according to the Ministry of Economy and Finance’s 2026 budget proposal, the ODA budget is projected to decrease by approximately 1.2 trillion KRW to 5.3 trillion KRW compared to the previous year. While budgetary adjustments due to the national fiscal situation are necessary, Korea’s ODA/GNI ratio remains at 0.21%, falling short of the OECD Development Assistance Committee (DAC) member average of 0.33%. Therefore, securing financial resources for development is crucial for Korea to remain a responsible contributor to the international community.

The global community has increasingly emphasized the role of public finance as a lever to mobilize private capital. Since 2023, the DAC requires members to report data on Private Sector Instruments (PSI) when submitting ODA statistics. PSI refers to public financial resources used for loans, guarantees, and equity injections aimed at inducing private investment in developing countries. This shift acknowledges the efforts of donor governments to steer private investment toward international development sectors that are otherwise less attractive to the private market. Major developed countries, such as the UK (BII), Germany (DEG), and France (Proparco), have long operated Development Finance Institutions (DFIs) to engage the private sector in international development. More recently, the US (DFC) and Canada (FinDev) have established their own DFIs. These institutions operate on the premise that the private sector is the engine of growth, contributing to the advancement of developing countries through strategic investments. DFIs use various financial instruments to facilitate private investment. They are typically subsidiaries of government ministries or public corporations, receiving initial capital from the government but sourcing subsequent operational and project funding through market borrowing or reinvestment of portfolio returns, rather than relying solely on government budgets. This operational model presents a new and challenging paradigm for Korea, whose international development cooperation has traditionally been confined to ODA.

The purpose of this study is to propose policy directions for Korea to reduce its dependence on government budget for international development and enhance the utilization of private sector resources.

Chapter 2: Reviews the theoretical background and DAC discussions, focusing on the importance of the private sector and the role of donor governments. It analyzes the concept and principles of Blended Finance and examines how PSI data is accounted for in ODA to understand the modernization of the ODA definition.

Chapter 3: Analyzes the status and characteristics of Mobilized Private Finance (MPF) and PSI using DAC CRS statistics. While MPF aggregates are available, details on investment sectors, regions, and mobilization types are derived from DAC reports. The analysis of PSI trends utilizes CRS PSI project-level statistics, noting that time-series analysis is limited due to the official collection starting only in 2023.

Chapter 4: Focuses on the DFI model of major donor countries. The DFIs examined in this chapter operate with the distinct goal of supporting private sector growth in developing countries. Their funding model—primarily relying on market borrowing rather than government budgets—offers critical lessons for Korea, which currently uses the national budget as its sole source of international development finance.

Chapter 5: Diagnoses Korea’s current limitations and proposes policy directions and institutional improvements based on the preceding analysis. It examines recent shifts by the Korea Eximbank and outlines strategies for sustainable international development cooperation, focusing on resource mobilization, financial cooperation methods, beneficiary targeting, and risk management.

국문요약

제1장 서론
1. 연구 배경과 목적
2. 선행연구와의 차별성
3. 용어 정의

제2장 OECD DAC 논의 동향
1. 국제개발과 민간재원 동원의 필요성
2. DAC 혼합금융 원칙과 이행지침
3. 민간부문수단(PSI)의 ODA 통계 보고
4. 소결

제3장 동원된 민간재원과 PSI 통계 분석
1. 동원된 민간재원(MPF) 규모
2. 민간부문수단(PSI) 실적 통계
3. 소결

제4장 주요국의 개발금융기관 분석
1. DFI 정의와 역할
2. 주요국의 DFI 현황과 특징
3. 소결

제5장 한국의 개발재원 현황과 한계, 개선방안
1. 한국의 개발재원 현황과 한계
2. 개선방안
3. 연구의 한계

참고문헌

부록

Executive Summary