Supply chain due diligence emerged in the 1990s, during the rapid advancement of global division of labour, as part of ESG implementation and efforts to create a level playing field. It became institutionalised, primarily in Europe, evolving into a substantive obligation for companies. Furthermore, recent geopolitical factors have led to supply chain due diligence being utilised as a means of supply chain blockading. Supply chain due diligence regulations impact not only the companies subject to the due diligence obligation but also their suppliers within the supply chain, thereby placing a burden on companies in developing countries, too. As most Korean industries rely on developing countries’ production networks for intermediate goods and raw material procurement, strengthening developing countries’ capacity to respond to supply chain due diligence is a critical issue for Korea.

Grievances received through National Contact Points (NCPs) in the 52 countries implementing the ‘OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises’ indicate that implementing supply chain due diligence is recognised as a significant challenge. Companies report difficulties complying with the guidelines across various areas, including human rights, employment, and the environment. While supply chain due diligence systems operate to enhance supply chain transparency and accountability, the capacity for their implementation varies significantly between countries. Such asymmetry could potentially lead to instability in the global value chain. Particularly in mineral supply chains, where geopolitical risks and ESG risks intersect, the proper implementation of supply chain due diligence is increasingly emphasised.

As supply chain due diligence regulations proliferate, the key challenges facing enterprises in developing countries can be categorised as: enhancing regulatory compliance capacity, establishing due diligence systems and infrastructure, and enhancing corporate competitiveness. Firstly, issues such as the administrative and legal procedures of supply chain due diligence, the application of systems suited to developing country conditions, and enforcement capacity within developing countries must be addressed. Secondly, there is a need to improve the fundamental conditions for developing country enterprises to respond to due diligence through the establishment of due diligence systems and infrastructure. Thirdly, developing country enterprises must address the lack of technical know-how required to access relevant data and navigate due diligence frameworks, as well as financing conditions resulting from stringent due diligence requirements.

International cooperation concerning supply chain due diligence is actively progressing. Recent international cooperation has focused on labour-intensive industries such as apparel and textiles, agriculture, and the minerals sector. Cooperation content is fundamentally centred on improving labour conditions, ensuring minimum wages, and strengthening human rights due diligence capabilities. In the minerals sector, cooperation from a resource security perspective is emphasised.

Comprehensive support, including building institutional and data infrastructure in developing countries, strengthening supervisory agency capabilities, providing training and consultancy for SMEs, and offering technical assistance, will be crucial for implementing supply chain due diligence. Considering Korea’s strategic interests and its role in the international community, Korea’s development cooperation policy should consider supply chain due diligence capacity-building projects as a key pillar. Korea’s supply chain due diligence cooperation with developing countries should focus on: ① supporting alignment with international norms and strengthening institutional capacity, ② establishing infrastructure to enhance traceability and transparency in developing countries’ supply chains, and ③ strengthening sustainable competitiveness and eco-friendly production capabilities. This should be pursued by strategically utilising ODA, seeking linkages with trade agreements, and supporting domestic companies’ implementation of supply chain due diligence.

국문요약

제 1장서론
1. 연구 배경
2. 연구 목적과 주요 내용

제2장 공급망실사의 발전과정과 개도국에 대한 함의
1. 개도국 공급망 확대와 기업의 사회적 책임
2. 글로벌 규범으로의 발전: UN, OECD, ILO 등 국제기구의 논의
3. 주요국의 공급망실사 제도화 현황 및 특징
4. 요약 및 시사점

제3장 개도국의 공급망실사 대응과제
1. 공급망실사의 경제적 영향
2. 개도국의 도전과제
3. 국제협력 사례
4. 요약 및 시사점

제4장 결론 1. 포스트-2030 시대 공급망실사 국제협력
2. 정책 제언

참고문헌

Executive Summary