Traditionally Korean construction firms have actively invested in Middle Eastern countries. However, the centralization of investment in the region is not sustainable for Korea since the economy of the region is vulnerable to oil price fluctuations and keen competition among Korean firms is being witnessed in the market. Korean construction enterprises are faced with the challenge to find a new investment destination to replace the Middle East. Latin America has emerged as an alternative. The purpose of this study is to suggest policy and business recommendations for Korean companies to identify investment opportunities in Latin America, especially in Public Private Partnership (PPP) projects. This study focuses on four countries ? Chile, Mexico, Peru and Columbia ? where PPP laws and institutions are relatively well developed.
  Chapter 2 depicts the features and the development potential that the Latin American infrastructure market possesses. In Latin America, the investment in infrastructure has been led by governments. However, the importance of PPP is growing, as fiscal revenues are decreasing in many countries due to the fall of commodity prices. Private investment in infrastructure in Latin America is outpacing other emerging economies. Latin America accounts for about 43% of the total private investment in infrastructure among developing economies. PPP is especially active in Brazil, Colombia, Chile and Peru. Among foreign firms, Spanish companies have the strongest presence in the PPP market of Latin America. Yet the competitive landscape is changing; while Spanish and European firms are losing their market share, Chinese and American enterprises are broadening their presence. Traditionally, investment in infrastructure has been concentrated in the ICT and electricity sectors but investment is being diversified into other sectors such as airports, railway, road, water and sanitation. In Latin America, the share of investment in total GDP is about 3%. However, this share should be raised to 5% for the region to maintain an economic growth rate of at least 3%. Thus the development potential of infrastructure is high in Latin America and many countries demonstrate a strong political will to implement their development plan. When considering each country’s need for economic development, there is a high demand for investment in such economic infrastructure sectors as water and sanitation, roads, urban transportation, and social infrastructure sectors such as trade, and health and medical treatment.
  Chapter 3 analyses the environment and institutions for PPP in Latin America. Latin America has a less favorable PPP environment compared to other regions such as Asia. However, Chile, Brazil, Peru, Mexico and Colombia show promising conditions for PPP and hold a high rank among all developing countries. This is because these five countries have clear laws and institutions regarding PPP, and abundant experience with PPP projects. This study focuses on Chile, Peru, Mexico and Colombia and finds some similarities among them: 1) they have exclusive organizations for PPP, 2) projects with private initiatives are encouraged, 3) risks are transferred more to private sectors and subsidies from government are decreasing, 4) and there are growing projects in social infrastructure.
  Chapter 4 examines whether PPP opportunities are open to foreign firms, which foreign firms invested successfully, and what lessons Korean firms can learn from them. We select some subsectors of infrastructure which have high demand for PPP projects. We also study several cases of foreign investment in each subsector: electricity in Mexico, transportation in Peru, health and medical treatment in Chile, and water and sanitation in Colombia. In the first case we examine Iberdrola, a Spanish electricity company operating in Mexico, and its success factors. Iberdrola built up a network with CFE (Federal Electricity Company) by conducting technical cooperation, anticipating demand in renewable energy and development-related projects, winning contracts by offering low prices and then recovering its loss through re-negotiation. The second case is a Spanish-Italian consortium in Peru which was awarded the Metro Line 2 Project in Lima. The consortium attained world-level competitiveness with ample experience in metro projects in other countries. It carried out a feasibility study for the Lima Metro Line 2 and this experience gained it a favorable position at the bidding competition. The third case is the San Jose Group in Chile, which won the project of establishing hospitals. The success factors for this company are localization and risk diversification. The company localized itself in Chile and continuously participated in bidding projects. The developer, investors and Chilean government worked closely together and successfully dispersed the investment risk among themselves. The fourth case is a Spanish firm in Colombia which engages in water and sanitation projects. Finding itself with insufficient funds to carry out a project to expand water treatment facilities, the Spanish firm successfully negotiated with the local government to attain a subsidy. The case shows the importance of government subsidies.
  Chapter 5 describes the role of multilateral development banks (MDB) in PPP projects and the implications they hold for Korean firms. Latin America has several regional MDBs, such as the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) and Latin American Development Bank (CAF). They play a crucial role for PPP projects: they finance projects, support member countries to improve their PPP environment, and provide PPP-related information. IDB manages an infrastructure fund to finance projects and feasibility studies. CAF places more of an emphasis on infrastructure projects than other MDBs. The bank has high potential for collaboration with Korean firms since it allows access to firms from non-member countries, such as Korea, should they conduct projects in Latin America.
  Chapter 6 suggests recommendations for the Korean government and for Korean firms to participate in PPP projects in Latin America. We offer four suggestions for firms: 1) firms need to understand the change in the infrastructure market toward more projects being planned by PPP rather than solely financed by the government, 2) the development level of the PPP environment differs by country, and thus firms need to prepare a customized strategy by country, 3) strategic alliance with local or foreign companies is crucial since they understand the local market well, 4) collaboration with regional MDBs, such as the IDB, CAF and CABEI, is recommended. This study also suggests the following policy recommendations for the Korean government: 1) The government can establish a government-business council and support Korean firms to win PPP contracts; 2) Incentives need to be provided to promote joint overseas business between conglomerate and small and medium-sized firms (SMEs); 3) ODA projects can be planned to identify infrastructure development demand in Latin America, and then the projects can be developed into PPP projects later, or feasibility studies for privately initiated PPP projects can be financed by ODA funds; 4) A formal cooperation system can be built between the Korean government and MDBs to facilitate Korean firms’ access to MDBs; 5) Exchange of personnel from PPP-related institutions from Korea and Latin America can support Korean firms to acquire information and win projects. 

서언

국문요약

제1장 서론

1. 연구의 필요성 및 목적
2. 연구 구성 및 방법
3. 연구의 범위
가. 중남미 4개국 선정 사유
나. PPP의 정의
다. 선행연구와의 차별성 및 연구의 한계

제2장 중남미 인프라 시장의 특징과 잠재력

1. 중남미 시장의 주요 특징
가. 경기변동에 취약한 인프라 투자
나. 활발한 민간부문의 인프라 투자
다. 빠르게 변모하는 외국기업의 진출
라. 다각화되고 있는 인프라 투자
2. 중남미 시장의 잠재력과 유망 투자분야
가. 중남미 시장의 잠재력
나. 유망 투자분야

제3장 중남미 PPP 환경과 주요 제도적 특징

1. 중남미 PPP 환경 평가
가. 지역별 PPP 환경의 평가
나. 중남미 국별 PPP 환경 평가
2. 중남미 4개국 PPP 제도의 주요 특징
가. PPP 법률 도입 현황
나. PPP 제도의 주요 특징
3. 중남미 4개국의 PPP 환경 및 제도 비교
4. 중남미 PPP 제도의 발전 과제

제4장 분야별 인프라 시장 특성 및 외국기업의 진출사례

1. 전력 인프라: 멕시코
가. 시장 현황
나. 관련 PPP 제도
다. 외국기업의 진출사례
2. 교통 인프라: 페루
가. 시장 현황
나. 관련 PPP 제도
다. 외국기업의 진출사례
3. 보건의료: 칠레
가. 시장 현황
나. 관련 PPP 제도
다. 외국기업의 진출사례
4. 식수 및 위생: 콜롬비아
가. 시장 현황
나. 관련 PPP 제도
다. 외국기업의 진출사례 

제5장 중남미 PPP 시장에서 지역개발금융기구의 역할과 시사점

1. PPP 사업에서 다자개발은행(MDB)의 중요성
2. 중남미 지역개발금융기관과 PPP
가. 미주개발은행(IDB 그룹) 사례
나. 중남미개발은행(CAF) 사례
3. 한국에 대한 시사점

제6장 한국의 대중남미 PPP 시장 진출 확대방안

1. 대중남미 진출 현황 및 과제
가. 한국기업의 중남미 건설시장 수주 동향과 특징
나. 중남미 시장 진출 과제
2. 기업차원의 진출 확대방안
가. 중남미 시장에 대한 인식 전환을 통한 진출전략 다각화
나. PPP 발전환경에 따른 단계적 진출
다. 중남미 현지 및 현지 진출 외국기업과 전략적 제휴
라. 중남미 지역개발은행의 적극적 활용
3. 정부차원의 지원 확대방안
가. 선단식 진출 협력 시스템 구축
나. 국내기업간 동반진출 장려를 위한 인센티브 제공
다. ODA와 연계해 PPP 사업 발굴 및 수행 지원
라. 중남미 지역개발은행과 제도적 협력시스템 구축
마. 중남미 PPP 유관기관과 인력교류 확대
4. 요약 및 결론

참고문헌

Executive Summary