Economic growth of Korea and its entry into the ranks of developed countries was made possible by utilization of its only abundant factor, labor, and excellent human capital; despite its lack of physical capital and natural resources. Future economic growth for Korea would still depend on accumulation of human capital and its utilization. Human capital has been regarded as a very important factor in the development of national economies for a long time. In the 21st century, the rise and fall of nations will not depend on territory and natural resources but human capital. Having more creative and innovative citizens, and more population in general, has become more important than natural resources.
In the global economic system, management of not only one’s own human capital but also those of other countries is an important issue. In terms of exchange of human capital with Korea, Central Asia constitutes one of its most active partner regions compared to other regions. In summit talks between Korea and the respective nations of Central Asia, the exchange of human capital was the most actively-discussed subject during the 17 summit meetings between Korea and Central Asia since the Central Asian countries became independent in 1992. There have also been over 80,000 non-governmental exchanges since that time.

The active exchange between Korea and Central Asia results in increases in exchange in various sectors and also create good opportunities for understanding each other. Especially, transnational marriage and family accounted for the exchange of about 2,602 persons in 2011; and emigrant workers from Central Asia in Korea number about 30,000. On the other hand, Koreans in Central Asia (Korean Diaspora) plays an important role as intermediaries for cooperation between Korea and the region.
This report includes a statistical and empirical analysis about human resource exchange at the governmental and non-governmental level. Such research can provide legal and institutional policy implications for Korea in human exchange between Korea and Central Asia as follows:
First, various human networks have to be established for continuous cooperation between Korea and Central Asia, from their Presidents down to the people. For this, Korea needs to establish a governmental organization (tentatively named 'Ministry of International Human Resources) which covers human networking, DB, and financial policy. The scope of this organization will cover strategic regions including Central Asia for Korean foreign policy,  managing and constructing the global human resource network for Korea in the long term perspective.
Secondly, the relationship between Presidents of Central Asia and Korea has to develop continuously, as it constitutes the substance of cooperation between Korea and Central Asia. To strengthen the relationship between Korea and  Central Asia, the relationship with ruling parties in Central Asia needs to be expanded. Case in point, Korea has been engaged in exchange with the ruling party in Kazakhstan, by holding the 'Korea-Kazakhstan Forum' annually. Korea has to bolster not only this Forum but also work with officials in developing countries as well as Central Asia to increase the level of exchange, and create a program for mutual reinforcement of capabilities for common endeavors.
Third, networks in education has to be established for the future generations and for building knowledge-based economies. The Korean government has to change its existing employment policy to promote the creation of a ‘labor pool’ system that can bring together talent in various countries including Central Asia. For this, an exclusive organization for attracting talented foreigners under the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology has to be established; and this organization has to provide much employment information for reinforcement of the human network in this regard.
Fourth, it is important to establish the human network and promote human exchange at the corporate level. When Korean firms plan to enter into Central Asia, they need to actively provide training opportunities in Korea for local workers to learn the technology that is required in the work place. On the other hand, the Korean government must cooperate to ease the entry of Korean personnel from industries or education sectors into Central Asia. For example, when Korea obtain rights to a major development project in Central Asia, the Korean government can provide support that allows necessary personnel to better participate in those project in Central Asia.
Fifth, the reinforcement of a network with ethnic Koreans (Goryeo-saram) network is also important. Overseas Koreans, or Goryeo-saram, in Central Asia live mostly in big cities and work in commercial sectors. Because they cannot obtain credit loans in Central Asia, the Korea government need to offer them financial assistance in the form of microcredits programs such as a 'Korean People’s Financing Network'.
Sixth, cultural exchange is also important in stimulating human exchange between Korea and Central Asia. This can be done utilizing Korean popular culture such as K-pop and drama which are very popular in Central Asia. Business for exchange of cultural content will assume a key role in expanding the human exchange between Korea and Central Asia.
Exports is one of the main pillars of the Korean economy, but the line of thinking that assumes trade takes priority over everything else cannot sustain relationships with other countries. To become a truly ‘developed’ country, Korea has to strengthen its hard, soft, and ‘sticky’ power based on its human capital.
In the 21st century, global order is expected to be determined by which countries have more sticky power. Even though US has the most hard and soft power, US has a difficult problem with diplomacy in Afghanistan and Iraq because sticky power of the US is weak. Sticky power is the power that can tie both the elite and the people of another country with one’s own country through the attractiveness of its economy and culture. Through global informatization and democratization in Arab Region, Korea government has to strengthen its sticky power that can cover everyone in Central Asia from the political elite to the common people.
Central Asia is the region that sticky power of Korea can be applied with the greatest effect, as everyone from presidents down to the people in Central Asia consider Korea a friendly nation. They are interested in Korean popular culture, and they want to travel, work, and study in Korea. The new policy agenda for the Korean government therefore, has to involve developing its Korean sticky power in Central Asia and at the global level.

국문요약 

제1장 서 론 
1. 연구의 목적 
2. 연구의 방법과 범위 

제2장 중앙아시아의 인적자원과 경제성장 
1. 인적자원과 경제성장 
가. 인적자본론 
나. 인적자본 축적과 경제성장 
2. 중앙아시아의 인적자원 형성 
가. 학교급별 학생 수 
나. 학교급별 등록률 
다. 전공별 교육 분포 
3. 중앙아시아의 인적자원 활용 
가. 생산가능인구 및 경활인구 
나. 업종별 취업 규모 
다. 고등교육 이수자의 실업률과 청년 고용률 
4. 중앙아시아 국가 교육의 경제성장 기여 
5. 중앙아시아 인적자원의 특징과 정책 과제 

제3장 한ㆍ중앙아시아 정부간 인적교류와 과제 
1. 한ㆍ중앙아시아 정상 회담 
가. 한ㆍ카자흐스탄 정상회담 
나. 한ㆍ우즈베키스탄 정상회담 
다. 한ㆍ투르크메니스탄 정상회담 
2. 한ㆍ중앙아 정부간 고위급 회담 
가. 한ㆍ카자흐스탄 고위급회담 
나. 한ㆍ우즈베키스탄 고위급회담 
다. 한ㆍ투르크메니스탄 고위급회담 
라. 한ㆍ키르기스스탄, 한ㆍ타지키스탄 고위급회담 
3. 한ㆍ중앙아 협력 포럼 
4. 한ㆍ중앙아 고위급 교류의 성과 
5. 한ㆍ중앙아 정부간 인적교류의 과제 

제4장 한ㆍ중앙아시아 이주노동자 현황과 과제 
1. 중앙아시아의 정치경제와 노동이주 
가. 독립 이후 중앙아시아의 체제전환과 경제실적 
나. 중앙아시아의 인구이동과 노동이주 
2. 중앙아시아 역내 노동이주 현황 
가. 역내 이주노동자 송출국 
나. 역내 이주노동자 유입국 
다. 노동이주와 송금 
3. 한국의 중앙아시아 이주노동자 현황 
가. 한국의 이주노동자 현황 
나. 국내 중앙아시아 이주노동자 현황 
다. 국내 중앙아시아 이주노동자 실태조사(2008~11년) 비교 
4. 중앙아시아 이주노동자 관련 정책과제 
가. 우리나라 이주노동 관련 정책의 변천과정 
나. 한ㆍ중앙아시아 이주노동 관련 정책의 과제 

제5장 중앙아 결혼이주여성 인적자원 활용 현황과 지원방안 
1. 결혼이주와 다문화가족의 형성 
가. 전국 결혼이주민 현황 
나. 중앙아시아 출신 결혼이민자 현황 
2. 중앙아시아 결혼이주민 특성 
가. 분석자료 개요 
나. 중앙아시아 3국 결혼이주여성 일반 특성 
3. 결혼이주여성 인적자원 특성과 활용현황 
가. 교육수준과 한국어 실력 
나. 모국에서의 취업경험과 취업분야 
다. 현재의 취업현황 
라. 비취업 이유와 향후 취업욕구 
마. 요약 및 시사점 
4. 결혼이주여성 인적자원 활용 지원방안 
가. 다문화가족 지원정책 현황과 지역특수성 반영의 필요성 
나. 중앙아시아 결혼이주여성 지원 방안 

제6장 한ㆍ중앙아 교육분야 인적자원의 교류 현황과 지원방안 
1. 교육분야 인적교류 현황 
가. 중앙아시아 학생들의 한국 유학 현황 
나. 한국 학생들의 중앙아시아 유학 현황 
다. 중앙아시아에서의 한국 관련 교육 현황 
2. 한국의 대중앙아시아 인적자원 지원 교육 관련 현황과 정책 
가. 중앙아시아 학생들의 한국 유학 프로그램 
나. 연수 유학 
3. 중국과 일본의 사례 연구 
4. 교육분야 인적자원 교류와 활성화 방안 

제7장 중앙아시아 고려인 인적자원의 실태 및 한국의 지원 현황과 활성화 방안 
1. 독립 초기 중앙아시아 고려인 인적자원의 실태와 역할 
2. 독립 이후 고려인 사회의 인적자원 동향 분석 
3. 2000년 이후 전개된 고려인 인적자원에 대한 동향 분석 
가. 한국 정부와 고려인 관계의 발전사 
나. 2000년 이후 전개된 한국 정부의 고려인 지원 현황과 특징 
다. 한국의 지원이 가지는 문제점 
4. 한국의 현실적 지원 전략과 활성화 방안 

제8장 결 론 
1. 인적자원 육성 및 인적 네트워크 구축 방안 
2. 한국의 대중앙아시아 인적교류 활성화 방안 

참고문헌 

Executive Summary